Below is a list of Caprine Known Diseases.  These are accounts taken from Members of Goatbeat, and trusted Websites across the internet.  These Symptoms and Treatments have been used with success by the posters of Goatbeat and websites referenced.  When using these suggestions, the use of them will be at your own discretion.  Goatbeat, nor it's affiliates suggest that you use these suggestions to replace your Veterinarian advice or treatment.  We highly suggest that you contact your Veterinarian before performing any type of treatment.

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The information provided in this article, are the accounts of experienced goat herders regarding Diseases and the Treatments from our Own Experiences with the diseases.  The Treatments listed below are not to replace the advice or the treatment of your Veterinarian.   To find a Vet near you, this link may help.  http://www.aasrp.org/




Acidosis:
Symptoms:
Hanging of the head, depressed, Muscle twitches, May grind teeth, Drunk behavior, Bloat may be accompanied
Treatment:
Stop food intake
Drench goat with Bicarbonate Soda or baking soda…mixed with water…2 to 3 ounces
Walking can help

Anemia:
Symptoms:
Light Pink to Very white eyelids.  Lethargic.  Listless.  May be off food or water.  Over load of parasites.  
Treatment:
**Anemia is a Killer of goats.  Left untreated the Goat will die.**
Anemia requiring treatments of iron supplements…we recommend bringing a goat back from anemia slowly.  Overdosing of Iron can kill your goat.  Recommended Iron supplements include…
Iron shots (we recommend that you take precautions when dosing Iron shots, as they can kill your goat if overdosed)
Spinach leaves. Given 2 times daily.
Cooked oatmeal…1 cup twice daily, topped with a few raisins, and a little black strap molasses.
Redcell…dosing once daily
Geritol Tonic…dosing 3 to 4 cc’s (large breed) once daily.
Anemia takes time to cure.  Adding a few vitamins to their diet will help them to absorb the iron. Such as Vitamins A,D, and E, a few doses of B-complex, once daily.
Other side effects may include…a slow or no rumen function.  At times a goats rumen may shut down due to the effects of Bottle Jaw and the decreased immune system.  Should this happen, you would need to “jump start” the rumen.  To do this, you would need “fresh, still warm, straight from the horse” manure.  You will gather this warm fresh manure into a zip lock baggie, using a gallon size bag, bag up as much as you can.  Take this warm manure and put it in boiling hot water.  Allow it to dissolve and then strain it, using cheese cloth or a micro thin strainer to remove any debris, and allow to cool.  Adult goats, we give this manure “tea” liquid as a drench, we drench an adult goat with at least 1 pint once daily until normal rumen functions are regained.


Blackleg:
Symptoms:
Often symptoms are not seen until the animal has died.    At other times, high fever, lack of appetite, depression, lameness, swelled head, and swellings that appear in the muscles on various parts of the body.
Treatment:
The animal may respond to large doses of penicillin.  The aide of a veterinarian is a must.


Bloat:
Symptoms:
Goat may not want to stand or walk. Left side of the belly (rumen) swollen larger than the right side of the belly. Grinding teeth. Moaning or crying out in misery. Off Feed and water.
Treatment:
Gas X –given orally
Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)—given orally
Deep Rumen massage
Vegetable Oil – 2 to 6cc’s orally to induce a rapid digestion of the food over eaten on.
Keep the Goat walking.  If it’s an infant, pick the baby up and bounce the baby in your arms like you would a colicky human baby.


Bottle Jaw:
Symptoms:
Dramatic swelling of the lower face and Jaw area.
Eyelids are pale (due to secondary illness of bottle jaw—Anemia will occur)
Secondary illness Anemia will need to be treated as well.
Treatment:
Worm the goat with a goat safe wormer.  A stronger chemical wormer is required.  Herbal worming will not kill the barber pole worm that causes Bottle Jaw.
We recommend the following wormers…
Cydectin Pour on for Cattle given orally to goats.  Dosing 1cc per 20lbs of body weight, once every 10 days for 3 doses.
Or
Cydectin Sheep/Goat Drench given orally.  Dosing 1cc per 11lbs of body weight once daily for 3 doses.
**We do not recommend using Cydectin Injectable**
**other side effects of Bottle Jaw include…reduced immune system requiring antibiotic therapy…anemia requiring treatments of iron supplements…we recommend bringing a goat back from anemia slowly.  Overdosing of Iron can kill your goat.  Recommended Iron supplements include…
Iron shots (we recommend that you take precautions when dosing Iron shots, as they can kill your goat if overdosed)
Spinach leaves..given 2 times daily.
Cooked oatmeal…1 cup twice daily, topped with a few raisins, and a little black strap molasses.
Redcell…dosing once daily
Geritol Tonic…dosing 3 to 4 cc’s (large breed) once daily.
Anemia takes time to cure.  Adding a few vitamins to their diet will help them to absorb the iron. Such as Vitamins A,D, and E, a few doses of B-complex, once daily.
Other side effects may include…a slow or no rumen function.  At times a goats rumen may shut down due to the effects of Bottle Jaw and the decreased immune system.  Should this happen, you would need to “jump start” the rumen.  To do this, you would need “fresh, still warm, straight from the horse” manure.  You will gather this warm fresh manure into a zip lock baggie, using a gallon size bag, bag up as much as you can.  Take this warm manure and put it in boiling hot water.  Allow it to dissolve and then strain it, using cheese cloth or a micro thin strainer to remove any debris, and allow to cool.  Adult goats, we give this manure “tea” liquid as a drench, we drench an adult goat with at least 1 pint once daily until normal rumen functions are regained.

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE):
Symptoms:
Knee swelling, Weight loss, Lameness, Hard udder, Pneumonia, or a chronic cough may accompany CAE
Treatment:
Isolate and remove Animal from the herd.
Some goat herders will cull the goat.
If the goat is not a breeder and is a pet, and isn’t suffering to the point that treatment won’t help, then you can use treatments to aide in the discomfort and pain.  CAE there is no cure for.  Supplemental treatment would be;
Sta-Sound feed supplement…given twice daily.
Banamine for chronic pain.
Other pain alternatives are…
Aspirin given once daily.
Arnica Montana (all natural pain medication)


Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL):
Symptoms:
Abscesses of the lymph glands. NOT ALL abscesses are CL. Your vet can test the animals to see if the abscess is CL or not.  CL pus needs to be sent to a lab no more than a days drive from your Vet.  If sent further away, the culture will die resulting in false positives/negatives.
Treatment:
**CL IS HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS**, it is contagious when the pus ruptures from the abscess.
Isolate the goat from the herd.  Using a sterile environment is ideal, but if it cannot be had, then using a pen/containment area where no other goats are permitted is your best option.  CL pus when it hits the ground will infect your ground and live there for many, many years to come.
**WEAR PROTECTIVE ATTIRE…rubber gloves, old clothing that can be burned, rubber boots that can be dipped in hot bleach water.**
CL cannot be cured.  Treatment for animals that are infected with CL, can be done by cleansing the abscess with iodine daily.  The abscess will heal from the inside out.
Animals with outward CL can be kept, and treated when an abscess appears.  Most breeders will cull the animal from the herd.
If CL goes inward on the goat, the goat will suffer terribly.  There is nothing you nor a Vet can do about an inward abscess.  The goat should be put down, and its suffering ended.  No one likes to have to do this, but it’s the humane thing to do for the animal.
If you decide to treat your goat….you will need to bleach everything that the infected goat came in contact with (stall walls, bare dirt floors, concrete floors, water buckets, feed pans, fencing, hay feeders, gates, etc.  Removal of all bedding should be burned and not composted.  No other goat should be housed in the area that the infected goat was treated/housed/quarantined in.
Appling an antibiotic cream or spray to the infected area once or twice daily will help to reduce its healing time.  Neosporin is a good cream to use.  CHX-Guard LA, Cefa-Dri and Tomorrow are three other recommended creams.  


Chlamydia:
Symptoms:
*Highly contagious*
Intolerance to light, Spasmodic winking, tearing, discharge from the eyes, opaque eye, inflammation of the cornea, infectious arthritis, Mammary gland and uterine infection, unwilling to eat.
Treatment:
Give all goats a dose of Oxytetracycline.
Putting a few drops of Oxytetracycline in the eyes as well.

Coccidiosis:
Symptoms:
Off food, chronic darkish black diarrhea, Blood in diarrhea, Rapid weight loss, Dehydration
Treatment:
Stop all grain, green grasses, forage intake.  Feed Dry Hay, Clean water, and minerals only.  If it’s a bottle baby give no milk, replace with electrolyte water and give often.  If it’s a Kid nursing off its mother, allow the baby to continue nursing from its mother.
Coccidiosis is HIGHLY contagious.  Infected animals need to be quarantined.
Albon (RX only)…dose as directed by your Vet or Sulmet (OTC) Dose depending on weight.  Typically dosed 2-5cc once daily to Kids orally, and 7-10cc to adults orally for 5 to 7 days.
Other medications you can use are Bio-Sol, Di-Mdthox Concentrated Solution 12.5%
Pepto-bismal or Keopectate, given orally, can be used every hour to 2 hours to speed the healing process. Dose per weight 2 cc’s for Kids, 4 to 6 cc’s for Adults.
All Coccidiosis medications have antibiotics in them…thus we’ll need to give supportive therapy to counter the effects of the antibiotic so we would give…  
Probiotics or Cultured yogurts given orally once daily.
B-Complex given orally once daily.


Conjunctivitis or Pink eye:
Symptoms:
*highly contagious*
Redness in and around the eye(s).  Watery and tearing.  The cornea may be cloudy.  Light sensitive.  Blindness may occur with progression.
Treatment:
Pink Eye is highly contagious, to include the human handling the animal.  Precautions should be taken while handling a goat infected with Conjunctivitis/Pink eye.  Surgical gloves should be worn, and hands disinfected after treating an infected animal.  Isolate the infected animal.
Penicillin can be squirted directly into the eye twice daily.  
Or NFZ puffer powder can be squirted into the eye.
A moistened Tea bag held on the eye for 20 minutes (or as long as the animal will permit) two to three times daily will aide in the healing.


Cystic Ovaries:
Symptoms:
A Doe who will cycle every 4 to 5 days, acting Bucky, but fail to come into a strong breeding cycle.
Treatment:
You can treat cystic ovaries quite successfully with an injection of HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, an Rx) to correct the hormonal imbalance. That is followed about 9-10 days later by an injection of Lutalyse


Diarrhea:
Symptoms:
Soft feces, can be semi soft to watery.
Treatment:
Depending on the cause of the diarrhea, would determine how we would treat it.  With all types of diarrhea, we recommend that you keep the animal hydrated.  Diarrhea dehydrates the animal quickly.  If the animal is drinking on its own offer electrolyte water and plain water both.  If the animal is not drinking, then drenching the animal would be necessary to do.  We would drench the animal with Electrolyte water 1 pint for large breeds ½ pint for small breeds, once every hour, or you can use Pedialyte drenched every 2 hours 1 pint for large breeds ½ pint for small breeds.
If the diarrhea is green in color that indicates food induced diarrhea.  For this we would remove the goat from all grain feedings, fresh graze and browse.  We would only give dry hay, and clean clear water and electrolyte water.  Food induced diarrhea typically runs its course in 12 to 24 hours.  To aid the animal, we would give one of the following treatments.
Pepto-Bismol…given 1cc per 20 pounds of body weight, given orally, once every hour until the stools are firmer.  Then we would give 1cc per 20lbs of body weight every 2 hours until the stools are more firm.  Then we would go to 1cc per 20lbs of body weight every 3 hours until the stools are pebble formed again.
Keopectate…given the same as Pepto-Bismol.
Scour Halt dosed as per the package label.
Slippery Elm…you can purchase this in human pill form or the powdered form.  Powder form is what we recommend.  Dose 1 tablespoon 2 to 3 times daily.
Psyllium.. used in small doses, powder form 1 teaspoon 1 time daily.
Pumpkin…canned (Libby’s pie filling), or whole pumpkin.  Canned pumpkin used in small amounts, 2 tablespoons one time daily or Whole Pumpkin, 2 small chunks one time daily.
Blackberry Leaves…as many as they want, can be green or dried daily until the diarrhea is gone.
If the diarrhea is Yellowish in color, this is salmonella…to treat salmonella you would use would be a dose of Biomycin given as injection, SQ.  You could also use the Pepto to help relieve the issue faster.
If the diarrhea is whitish in color this is Ecoli…Ecoli is treated using Sulmet (OTC) or Albon (Rx)…treatment would be mixed with Pepto or Keopectate.  This would be given 1cc per 10lbs mixed with the pepto.  The pepto is to cut the taste and help dry the diarrhea up.  Sulmet or Albon is given once per day.  The pepto or Keopectate treatments can follow after the first initial dose of albon/sulmet mixed with the pepto/keopectate after 2 hours of giving the sulmet/albon mixture.  Pepto or Keopectate can be given every 2 hours throughout the day.  Dose the Albon or Sulmet mixture once daily for 5 to 9 days.
If the diarrhea is blackish or blackish with traces of blood in it, this is Coccidiosis.  See Coccidiosis above.
***note: the importance of keeping the animal hydrated is very important.  Diarrhea dehydrates the animal quickly, and often times it’s the dehydration that hastens the death of the animal.


Enterotoxaemia: Over eaters disease
Symptoms:
Sudden loss of appetite, depression and a drunken appearance. Signs of stomach pain, such as kicking at their belly, laying on their sides, crying out. As it progresses the animal becomes unable to stand and lies on side making paddling movements. High temperature. Very watery diarrhea.
Treatment:
The prognosis for recovery is guarded in caprine enterotoxemia, even with treatment. Fluid therapy providing mixed electrolyte solution with bicarbonate are indicate in acute cases to counter shock, dehydration an acidosis.
Commercially available type C and D antitoxins should be administered. Antibiotic therapy may be helpful in reducing bacterial proliferation. Oral sulfas have been used successfully.
Prevention: CD&T shots are available.

Floppy Kid Syndrome:
Symptoms:
Newborn kids do well for the first few days after birth then start to show depression and weakness of limbs that progress into the inability to walk or stand. They may demonstrate a drunken appearance.  Typically there is no signs of diarrhea or an elevated body temperature.  They may have a distention in the stomach area/abdomen.
Treatment:
Treat daily for 3 days with: 500mg Thiamine, 2cc penicillin, 2cc B Complex (these can be given orally, and even mixed together.
or another option

Days 1-3
2cc penicillin orally
1cc max thiamine
5cc pepto~
Followed by Bounce Back ( 1 tsp per 8oz mixed with 10cc 50% Dextrose an hour later.
Add probious & pinch of baking soda to the Bounce Back bottles

Day 4 reintroduce milk, 4 oz at a time

Foot Rot/Hoof Rot:
Symptoms:
Lameness, mild to severe. There is a foul smell associated with it. Animals are reluctant to walk, and will limp or even carry a hoof.  You may notice blackish rot in the underneath of the hoof.  
Treatment:
Put the goat on good clean bedding or in a dry area.  Keeping the hooves dry will help to heal the rotting process.  Trim away any over grown hoof area.  Clean the blackish rot away using a hoof pick, soft brush and some good clean water (you can add betadine solution to the water if you’d like).  Clean twice daily.  After cleaning, you would apply KopperTox treatment to it twice daily until healed.  

Gastro-intestinal roundworms:
Symptoms:
Weight Loss, Diarrhea, and Anemia.  
Treatment:
Worm your goat with goat safe wormers, such as Cydectin (not to include the injectable Cydectin), Dectomax, and Ivomec.  See our parasite control list for Goat Safe wormers and dosages.

Indigestion:
Symptoms:
Off Feed, acting a little dull.  May or may not cud.  
Treatment:
Typically this issue will pass on its own in a day or two.  You can offer baking soda (Sodium bicarbonate) by mouth (adding a little water to it and making a paste ball or adding more water and drenching the goat with a drenching gun or needless syringe), or offer baking soda (Sodium Bicarbonate) free choice.

Inverted Eyelid:
Symptoms:
With this disease, the goat will have the eyelids closed.  The goat will blink uncontrollably.  The goat will have extreme sensitivity to light, and will avoid light as much as possible.  You will see swelling and inflammation around the eye with can involve the cornea as well as the membranes in the inner area of the eyelids, as well as the outside area of the eye.  The eye may appear cloudy and watery.  Some confuse this with Pink Eye.  
Treatment:
It is best to contact your Vet to aid you in the treatment. You can help to reduce the pain, inflammation, and may speed the healing by using moist pack treatments, and antibiotic typical creams.  Neosporin, Terramycin, triple antibiotic ointments, applied directly on the eyelid.  Using a tea bag moistened with warm water and held on the eye for 20 minutes several times a day, (if the animal permits that length of time) will help with pain and discomfort.  Again, this is a Disease that requires Vet assistance/treatment.


Johne’s Disease:
Symptoms:
Wasting away, chronic diarrhea, large volume of water intake, listless, and weak. HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS.
Treatment:
None!!  This disease is NOT curable.  Cull and Slaughter the animal before it spreads to the entire herd.

Ketosis: **disease that afflicts Does after kidding--prior to kidding see "Pregnancy Toxemia**
Symptoms:
The doe eats less or stops eating completely. Depression, standing alone away from the herd, slow to get up, eyes are dull or sometimes blindness, muscle tremors (or seizures), staggering, head pressing against a stationary object, swollen ankles, grinding teeth, heavy breathing, breath and/or urine has a fruity sweet odor.
Treatment:
Drench the Doe with Molasses or Dark Karo Syrup water (mixing half and half) drench the Doe with at least 1 pint of this mixture every hour.
Propylene Glycol.  I only suggest this if the Doe is off her feed.  Drenching 3 to 4 ounces 2 times a day for at least 2 days.  (This product has the composition of Anti-Freeze..but it does work to cure Ketosis/Pregnancy Toxemia.)  This product has a terrible taste, so mixing it with some molasses will help the Doe to except the medication more readily.  Since Propylene Glycol suppresses the appetite, and inhibits the rumen bacteria, it is VERY important to give Bcomplex and Probiotics as a supplemental therapy.  Bcomplex and Probiotics are given once daily.
It is recommended that Nurtidrench be given 2 times daily for the duration of the treatment.
Adding a childrens chewable Vitamin w/extra calcium each day helps the Doe to regain.  Give 2 to 4 vitamins per day.  
 

Lice/Biting Mites:
Symptoms:
Loss of hair around the hooves, legs, and can spread to the facial area, and body area.  Hair rough and coarse feeling.  Itching and rubbing, balding spots.  Sores scabby areas.  Typically this occurs in the winter months.
Treatment:
Using Louse powders, dips or sprays (**note: some dips and/or sprays can cause serious allergic reactions in Goats—the Goats skin is highly sensitive.  Use caution when purchasing dips or sprays**). Louse treatments include; Diatomaceous Earth (a powder form), applied once daily.  Permethrin Horse Spray, diluted with water and sprayed on the animals legs.  Dipping a goats legs in diluted bleach water (dilution rate 9 parts water to 1 part bleach) **note: if the goat has open sores on its legs we do not recommend using the bleach water solution, as it burns and stings, and may cause further irritation.**  Lice/Mites are easily killed on your goat, however, killing them on your goat is one measure of control, but the bedding area will need to be cleaned and treated as well.  Lice/Mite infested bedding should be burned and not composted, to end the Lice/Mite cycle.  Cleaning stalls and bedding areas and treating after cleaning with Diatomaceous Earth will help to control re-infestation.

Laminitis:
Symptoms:
Lameness.  The goat may have warm feet.  Walks stiff gaited.  Most goats prefer to lay down or stay on its knees due to the pain.  Due to the lack of movement, goats may show signs of bloat, or even diarrhea.
Treatment:
Trim the hooves, to help relieve the pressure of where it’s causing pain.  You will want to remove the high protein diets, and replace it with dry hay.  Stay clear of high protein hay concentrates.  Using a steroid to reduce the pain such as Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as Phenylbutazone or Banamine is required.


Listeria:
Symptoms:   
Spiked body temperature, Stiffened or Rigid Body/Neck, Star Gazing, Staggering gate, drooling,
Off feed and water.
Treatment:
*Contact your Vet immediately*
Injected Penicillin—10cc’s SQ (**dose is according to body weight)
Oral Penicillin—10cc’s orally (**dose is according to body weight)
Banamine—Dose 1cc per 100lbs of body weight.  Given once daily
Dexamethasone—dosage: 1ml per 20 lbs. *note: can cause abortions in Pregnant Does*
Thiamine (aka B-1)— Start with a gram (1,000mg) IM the first dose.   On Day 2 and every day there after… administer 500mg orally, and 500mg IM for as long as it takes for a complete recovery.  Or using 100mg Thiamine, it is dosed as: Dosage is based on the goat's weight (4-1/2 cc per 100 pounds liveweight for 100 mg/ml thiamine)
B-Complex---massive doses every 2 hours
Probiotic or Cultured Yogurt – once daily
**Treat 24 to 48 hours past the last known symptom**

Lungworms:
Symptoms:
Chronic Dry Cough, with no other signs of illness, such as elevated body temperature, or runny nose to further suggest Pneumonia or upper respiratory illness.
Treatment:
Worm your goat with Ivomec or Ivermectrin.  Safeguard/Panacur have been known to work well on Lungworms but requires more than one dose.  Ivomec/Ivermectrin dose at 1cc per 50lbs of body weight, redosing in 10 days.  Safeguard/Panacur, dosing 1cc per 10lbs of body weight, redosing once daily for 5 days.


Mange: (types of mange—Chorioptic, demorioptic, Demodectic, Psoroptic, Sarcoptic)
Symptoms:
Itching, scabs, scaly irritated skin, some types of mange causes lumps that may look like they contain fluid or pus.  Raised reddened skin.
Treatment:
Consult with your Veterinarian for specific treatment and which mange you are treating for.  

Mastitis:
Symptoms:
Swollen hot, and hard udder, Very tender in the udder, appetite loss, blood may be in the milk. The goat is in misery and pain.  May be off food.
Treatment:
Antibiotic treatment, and Supportive therapy is required.  Treatments of teat infusions such as “Today” and “Tomorrow”.  Deep Udder Massaging will help break loose the infections and congestion.  Using Mineral oil or a carrier oil mixed with a little peppermint oil rubbed onto the udder will help to break loose the congestion as well.  Milking out the udder is essential.  This helps to ease the tightness in the udder.  Massaging as often in the day as you can.

Mastitis Gangrene:
Symptoms:
The Does udder will show signs of bruising, or blackening.  Doe is generally very ill running fever and having a loss of appetite.  The udder will be cold, and swollen with a great deal of fluid, and the milk will have blood and appear watery.
Treatment:
This type of Mastitis requires your Veterinarian.  There are treatments for Mastitis Gangrene, however, the likelihood of saving the udder is very slim.  Amputation of that area of the udder or entire udder may be required depending on how infected the Udder is.  


Milk Fever:
Symptoms: *sometimes this disease is confused with Polio or Listeria*
Occurs close to kidding, up to about 3 weeks after birth, but can occur before kidding. Animals will show a wobbly gait, foot dragging, and muscle incoordination. Some animals will be unable to stand and, if prior to kidding, be too weak to deliver.
Treatment:
Drench 20-30 cc of Calcium Gluconate 23% twice a day.  We typically mix this with diluted molasses water, as this medication can sting, and Goats are reluctant to ingest it due to the sting.  This medication can and will strip the BVitamins from the goats system, so you will need to supplement this with Bcomplex once daily for 24 hours past the last dosage of Calcium Gluconate.

Navel Ill:
Symptoms:
Young kid, with swollen, red, infected umbilical navel.  Joints will be swollen and hot.
Treatment:
Antibiotic such as Penicillin, given once daily for 10 days.  Cleaning the navel area with betadine solution, and removing the scabs to drain pus.  Chronic cases will show signs of swollen joints.  In this case your Veterinarian would need to drain the infection off the joints, and inject Vit K shots into the joints.

Pneumonia:
Symptoms:
Elevated body temperature, Off feed, Congested, Laying down, Standing with a low profile of head and neck.
Treatment:
There are several antibiotics you can use to treat pneumonia.  Biomycin is the antibiotic of our choice.  Biomycin is re-dosed in 48 hours if needed.  We suggested redosing every 48 hours giving up to 3 doses.  Meaning: one shot every other day for 3 doses.
Supplemental therapy is a must.  Probiotics, and Bcomplex given once daily for 24 hours past the last dose of antibiotic.
VetRX is good to use in the nostrils to help with breathing 4 eyedropper drops in each nostril 2 times daily.  You can also use Vicks Vapor Rub, using a q-tip dip into the Vicks vapor rub and apply gently to the outside area of the nostrils.  **DO NOT push the q-tip up inside the nostrils**

Polio:
Symptoms:
**Contact your Vet immediately**
Subnormal body temperature, Stiffened or Rigid Body/Neck, Star Gazing, Staggering gate, Drooling, Off feed and water.
Treatment:
*Contact your Vet immediately*
Thiamine (B-1)—Start with a gram (1,000mg) IM the first dose.   On Day 2 and every day there after… administer 500mg orally, and 500mg IM for as long as it takes for a complete recovery.  Or if you're using 100mg thiamine the dosage is:Dosage is based on the goat's weight (4-1/2 cc per 100 pounds liveweight for 100 mg/ml thiamine)   **note:  Human B-1 pills can be used.  Crush up 15,000mg, add water and dissolve, given orally every hour around the clock, and up to 48 hours past the last known symptom.**
B-Complex—massive doses every 2 hours, given orally, 1cc per 50lbs of body weight.
1 injection of Biomycin
Dexamethasone—dosage: 1ml per 20 lbs. *note: can cause abortions in Pregnant Does*
Probiotic or Cultured yogurt—once daily
Oral administration of this mixture;
Mixing equal parts of each ingredient
Whiskey, Molasses, Black Coffee
Dose Orally 2 to 4cc’s every 30 minutes to 1 hour until body temperature reads normal
Monitor body temperature every 30 minutes to 1 hour.
**Treat 24 to 48 hours past the last known symptom**
**Banamine (1cc per 100lbs), may be required to aide with the pain that Polio causes.  Give Banamine only if body temp is in a normal range.**


Poisoning:
A link to poisonous plants known to livestock animals including goats.
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/php/plants.php?action=list
Symptoms:
Sudden frothing at the mouth, vomiting, staggering, may appear bloated, convulsions, crying out, panting or labored breathing death.

Treatment:
Contact your Vet immediately
FIND OUT WHAT CAUSED THE POISONING!  
To Report the poisoning to the Poison Control for assistance in treatment;
Poison Control Information
National Animal Poison Control Center Numbers
•   1-900-680-0000 $20 for the first 5 minutes, then $2.95/minute after. Charged to your phone bill
•   1-800-548-2423 $30.00 per case, (bills to your VISA, MasterCard, Discover or American Express only)
The 800 number cost includes follow-up calls and will consult with your veterinarian.
Using the Service:
•   Be ready to provide your name, address and phone number.
•   Information concerning the exposure (amount of agent, time since exposure. Etc.)
•   Species, breed, sex, weight, age and number of animals exposed.
•   The agent the animal(s) were exposed to, if known.
The problems your animals are experiencing. If you are unable to access the 900 number, call your telephone company for assistance or use the 800 number. When the 800 number is used your credit card number will be required in addition to the above information.
Activated Charcoal.  Using as often as needed.
Bcomplex and Probiotics given once daily for the duration of the Poisoning treatments.
After the threat of death is over, remember to watch the animal for further symptoms in the days to come.  Poisoning can rear itself again.  Supportive therapy for the animal is recommended.  Bcomplex, and Probiotics are always good to help the animal regain.  Limit the food intake for a few days.  Dry hay, clean water is best for the first couple of days.  Offer food back slowly, if feeding grain, offer only 1/4th of the animals’ normal amount, and increase slowly over a 20 day period.  Offer back graze and forage slowly, only allowing the animal out on grass/forage for 10 to 15 minutes once a day in the beginning, and then increase that slowly by 5 minutes per day, until you reach 2 hours and then the animal can remain free choice on the graze/forage.

Pregnancy Toxemia: **Disease in Does that are currently Pregnant--if the Doe has kidded already see Ketosis**
Symptoms:
The doe eats less or stops eating completely. Depression, standing alone away from the herd, slow to get up, eyes are dull or sometimes blindness, muscle tremors (or seizures), staggering, head pressing against a stationary object, swollen ankles, grinding teeth, heavy breathing, breath and/or urine has a fruity sweet odor.
Treatment:
Drench the Doe with Molasses or Dark Karo Syrup water (mixing half and half) drench the Doe with at least 1 pint of this mixture every hour.
Propylene Glycol.  I only suggest this if the Doe is off her feed.  Drenching 3 to 4 ounces 2 times a day for at least 2 days.  (This product has the composition of Anti Freeze..but it does work to cure Ketosis/Pregnancy Toxemia.)  This product has a terrible taste, so mixing it with some molasses will help the Doe to except the medication more readily.  Since Propylene Glycol suppresses the appetite, and inhibits the rumen bacteria, it is VERY important to give Bcomplex and Probiotics as a supplemental therapy.  Bcomplex and Probiotics are given once daily.
It is recommended that Nurtidrench be given 2 times daily for the duration of the treatment.
Adding a childrens chewable Vitamin w/extra calcium each day helps the Doe to regain.  Give 2 to 4 vitamins per day.  


Ringworm:
Symptoms:
Grey-white crusty appearance on small areas of skin. Skin becomes thickened and the hairs thin or fall out. Generally there is no itching or evidence of irritation. Enlargement of affected areas occurs.
Treatment:
Fungal treatments applied as a liquid dressing. Any of the following daily for five days and then weekly.
0.5% Lime sulphur
1:10 Bleach
1:300 Captan
1% Betadine

Sore Mouth:
Symptoms:
Sores in and around the mouth, Anus, udder, and sometimes around the hooves.  Watery blisters turning to crusted sores.  Animals may have difficulty eating.  Animals can die if they are unable to eat or nurse.
Nursing babies may stop nursing if the sores are around their mouths and painful.  Particular attention to them is needed.  
Sores on a Nursing Does udder/teats may cause the Doe a lot of pain when her kids are nursing.  Particular attention to them is needed.
Treatment:
It is difficult to treat Sore Mouth.  It is highly contagious to other goats.  Sore mouth will typically run its course in 2 to 3 weeks.  Cleanse the area with warm betadine solution, then treat with an antibiotic cream such as neosporine or terrimycin twice daily.

Tapeworms, Hookworms, Pinworms, Roundworms:
Symptoms:
Examine the Goats feces.  Goats may pass segments of Tapeworms through the feces.  Usually detected as small white specs in the feces.  Frumpy hair.  Vivacious hunger without weight gain. May display a pop belly and a thin body.
Treatment:
Worm the animal with Panacur or Safeguard orally once daily for 5 days.  Dosing 1cc per 10lbs of body weight.
Supplemental therapy is recommended due to secondary issues from these 4 types of worms.  Bcomplex once daily, and Probiotics once daily.


Tetanus:
Symptoms:
*Contact your Vet immediately*
General increase in muscle stiffness is seen, causing an unsteady gait. Eyelid begins to extend over the eye and animal looks "anxious". The symptoms get progressively worse and convulsions may occur. The goat dies because it is unable to breathe.
Treatment:
Healing of Tetanus is very difficult.  The Goat can be treated with antibiotics such as penicillin, but the response is slow.  The site of the bacterial entry should be cleansed and opened to the air.  The wound site should be flushed and cleaned with hyrdrogen peroxide and penicillin squirted into the wound twice daily.  A Tetanus antitoxin shot should be given immediately and prior to cleansing of the wound area.  

Urinary Calculi: *typically occurs in male goats (both intact and castrated males), but can happen in female goats.*
Symptoms:
*Contact your Vet immediately*
Straining to urinate, pawing, vocalization of pain, restless, looking at its stomach.
Treatments: (per Jack Mauldin)
•   Acepromazine Maleate is a tranquilizer that is given sometimes to help relax the penis muscles and possibly allow any crystals to be passed.
•   Removal of flap at the end of the penis is commonly performed. It has shown to restore the urine flow in 66% of cases in early studies.
•   Your VETERINARIAN can 'TAP' the bladder, using an 18-19 gauge spinal needle AFTER anesthetizing the animal. This is only done to buy time in order to treat the real problem of removing whatever is blocking the urinary tract.
•   Catheterization of the penis and retrograde flushing may remove the crystals causing the problem. After the initial flushing, a treatment of a weak solution of 1 part vinegar to 1 to 4 parts of sterile water to help dissolve the crystals.
•   If the penis is not completely stopped from dripping, ammonium chloride can be given to dissolve crystals.
•   There are also surgical treatments that can be used by a vet if none of the above corrects the problem.

White Muscle Disease:
Symptoms:
Weakness, and Trembling.  Stiffness.  The inability to use the back legs.  Can cause death.
Treatment:
The administration of Selenium and Vitamin E.  Typically Vitamin E gel w/Selenium added with have good effects. *note: Selenium can be overdosed*  Typically one dose is all that’ needed.

**Information provided in this article, references to the experience and procedures by members of Goatbeat, and other trusted websites.  Goatbeat does not imply or propose that any Goat Owner replace these accounts for the treatment and advice of your Veterinarian.  Using these procedures/treatments is at the readers/goat owner sole discretion**

The information provided in this article, are the accounts of experienced goat herders regarding Diseases and the Treatments from our Own Experiences with the diseases.  The Treatments listed below are not to replace the advice or the treatment of your Veterinarian. 

WARNING: There is always some risk involved in giving pregnant doe's medications. Some doe's have aborted after being given worm medications that contain flukacides.....like Ivomec+, or Valbazen. The risk is highest during the first trimester (50 days pregnant), and tends to decrease during the last trimester (after 100 days bred). Valbazen has been reported by some to cause sterility in breeding animals for a few weeks after dosage. I never encountered that problem but it's worth mentioning.

In fact, there is always a risk involved with giving any de-worming medication. A goat with a heavy worm load can become sick when the large load of worms die off and cause toxins to build up in the body or cause a blockage in the intestines. Some internal bleeding can occur when blood sucking worms die and leave spots in the intestines or on the liver that bleed. It's rare, but it can happen. Goats can also have an allergic reaction to the medication or carrier and will need immediate care with epinephrine (best) or large doses of liquid benedryl (in a pinch). Some worm medications need an exact weight of the goat, others are more forgiving.

Every farm, every animal is different. What works great for one farm may not work as well on other farms. Worms that are a problem in the northeast may not be a problem in the south. Different climates/different seasons have different worm loads and species that will cause problems. Your Caprine vet, local Agriculture school, 4H/FFA/regional goat clubs, experienced goat breeders or county extension offices can assist you with local worm species, cycles and medications that still work in your area. Some worm medications have become ineffective against worms due to over use or under dosing. Always use the correct dose and knowing the weight of your animals will help reduce the chances of medication resistance in worms.

Due to medication resistance by the worms- you should always have a fecal run to verify worm type so you can pick the most effective medication for that type of worm.

Some people will give Probiotics and/or B Complex during the de-worming process to help keep the digestive tract functioning normally.

FAMACHA scoring system is another tool for checking your goats for Barberpole worms and liver flukes. It involves looking at the eye membranes for color, the darker pink the better. Light pink or whitish color suggest anemia and needs to be addressed immediately. Worm medication and oral or injectable iron is needed as treatment.

Anthelmintics (worm medication)

There are three families of drugs which are used to treat internal parasites in livestock:

1. Benzimidazoles - Fenbendazole, Albendazole, Oxybendazole, Thiabendazole
2. Nicotinics - Levamisole, Pyrantel, Moratel
3. Macrolytic Lactones - Ivermectin, Doramectin, Moxidectin

The Benzimidazoles (Safeguard, Panacur, Valbazen, Synanthic), also called "white dewormers" are broad spectrum and safe to use. They are effective against tapeworms. Albendazole (Valbazen) is effective against adult liver flukes, but should not be used in pregnant or lactating females.

Levamisole (Tramisol), also called a "clear dewormer" is broad spectrum and effective against arrested larvae. However, it has a narrower margin of safety in the injectable form.  Pyrantel (Strongid) is only effective against adult worms. Moratel (Rumatel®) is an oral feed additive and is only effective against adult worms.

The Macrolytic lactones or "avermectins" (Ivomec, Dectomax, Quest, Cydectin) are the newest family of drugs. They are broad spectrum and have a wide margin of safety. They are also effective against external (biting) parasites, including nose bots. Moxidectin is a persistent-activity dewormer that continues to kill worms after it is administered. In a sheep trial in Virginia, treatment with Moxidectin (Cydectin) at 8 week intervals was more effective than treatment with Ivermectin at 4 week intervals.

Ivomec, Valbazen, and Tramisol drench are approved for use in sheep. Only Fenbendazole, Valbazen and Rumatel are FDA-approved for use in goats. Use of any product which is inconsistent with its label constitutes "extra-label" drug use.

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Tapeworm

Treatment of Tape Worms should include dosing with a white wormer. Heavy dosing is required to cause the worms to detach and be expelled.

Safeguard or Panacur 1cc per 10 pounds, for 5 days
Valbazen 1cc per 10 lbs orally.
Oxfendazole  1cc per 10 lbs orally. This is usually found as an Equine paste wormer
Zimectrin Gold / Praziquantel 1cc per 50lbs should get both the tapes and any intestinal worms that are still sensitive to Ivermectin.
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Liver Flukes

Ivomec PLUS at 1cc per 30lb. given orally
Valbazen 1cc per 10 pounds used orally.
Levamisole cattle injectable 3cc per 100 pounds 
Prohibit (Levamisole Concentrated Drench Solutuion)
Add one packet to 17 and 1/2 ounces of water to which I add sweetened koolade or some other drink mix because Prohibit tastes horrible. Give at 2cc orally per 50 pounds. Be pretty accurate with these weights as this product can cause frothing at the mouth.

Anemia can result from liver flukes feeding on the goats blood. This can be seen by pale eye membranes or swelling under the goats jaw, commonly referred to as Bottle Jaw.

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Lung Worms


1% Ivomec injectable used at 1cc per 50 pounds orally.
Levamisole cattle injectable used at 3cc per 100 pounds (overdosing of this can cause salivation, unsteadiness of gait etc.) given orally
Prohibit (Levamisole Concentrated Drench Solutuion)
Add one packet to 17 and 1/2 ounces of water to which I add sweetened koolade or some other drink mix because Prohibit tastes horrible. Give at 2cc orally per 50 pounds. Be pretty accurate with these weights as this product can cause frothing at the mouth.
Valbazen1cc per 10 pounds given orally.
Oxfendazole.-usually found as an equine paste- 1 cc per 10 lbs given orally
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Haemonchus contortus....(HC)/ Barber Pole Worm

 Cydectin Pour-On for Cattle 1cc per 22lb's given orally
 Cydectin Oral Sheep Drench 1cc per 11 lbs  given orally
 Quest Gel (Quest is 4x's stronger than Cydectin.)  1cc/100lb's or 1/4cc per 25lbs.
 Cydectin injectable  2.5 ccs per 100 lbs given orally
 Ivomec (1%)injectable ....1cc/25lb's
 Prohibit  Add one packet to 17 and 1/2 ounces of water to which I add sweetened koolade or some other drink mix because Prohibit tastes horrible. Give at 2cc orally per 50 pounds. Be pretty accurate with these weights as this product can cause frothing at the mouth.
Zimectrin Gold / Praziquantel 1cc per 50lbs should get both the tapes and any intestinal worms.  Ivomec + 1cc per 35 lbs given orally
Safeguard/Panacur 1cc per 10 pounds, for 5 days (not very effective in most parts of the country)

Copper blousing your goats if you live in a low copper area has been shown to help in the fight against HC.

Anemia can result from Barberpole worms feeding on the goats blood. This can be seen by pale eye membranes or swelling under the goats jaw, commonly referred to as Bottle Jaw.
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Menengial Worm

 Ivermectin Plus, a big oral or subq dose,  3cc per 100 pounds-continue for several days, plus
 Safeguard (Panacur) for 5 days, 1cc per 7 lbs
 Banamine at 1cc per100 pounds no more than 6 days
 Dexamethasone at 1cc per 100 pounds day 1 thru 3, 5cc per 100 days 4 through 6.

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Brown Stomach worm, Round worms - 

Ivomec injectable  1cc per 25 lbs given orally;
Cydectin Pour-On for Cattle 1cc per 22lb's given orally
 Cydectin® Oral Sheep Drench 1cc per 11 lbs  given orally
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Bankrupt worm-

Ivomec Injectable 1cc per 25 lbs given orally;
Cydectin Pour-On for Cattle 1cc per 22lb's given orally
 Cydectin® Oral Sheep Drench 1cc per 11 lbs  given orally
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Long necked bankrupt worm-

Ivomec  Injectable 1cc per 25 lbs given orally;
Cydectin Pour-On for Cattle 1cc per 22lb's given orally
 Cydectin® Oral Sheep Drench 1cc per 11 lbs 
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Nodular worm (Blood sucker)-

Ivomec Injectable 1cc per 25 lbs given orally;
Cydectin Pour-On for Cattle 1cc per 22lb's given orally
 Cydectin® Oral Sheep Drench 1cc per 11 lbs 
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Whipworm (Blood sucker)-

Ivomec Injectable 1cc per 35 lbs given orally;
Cydectin Pour-On for Cattle 1cc per 22lb's given orally
Cydectin® Oral Sheep Drench 1cc per 11 lbs 
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Strongyloides papillosus (Common Threadworm) Also called Pinworm

Ivomec injectable  1cc per 25 lbs given orally;
Safeguard or Panacur 1cc per 10 pounds, for 5 days
Valbazen 1cc per 10 lbs orally.
Oxfendazole  1cc per 10 lbs orally. This is usually found as an Equine paste wormer

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HookWorms-

Safeguard or Panacur 1cc per 10 pounds, for 5 days
Valbazen 1cc per 10 lbs orally.
Oxfendazole  1cc per 10 lbs orally. This is usually found as an Equine paste wormer

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Dectomax injectable (can be given orally) at 1cc per 50lbs of body weight to goats.

Doramectin 1%
A SQ or IM injectable wormer indicated for the treatment and control of internal and external parasites in cattle and swine, including 36 stages of adult parasites.
Prevents infections for 28 days against the small intestinal worm and the lung worm and protects for 21 days against the brown stomach worm. Tissue-friendly injectable solution permits precise dosing.

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Coccidia- (not a worm but an internal parasite)- most often seen in kids starting around day 14. Can cause scours, unthriftiness, bloating, lethargy, blood in scours or feces. The animal can have a heavy cocci load and not show any signs. Cocci will damage the lining of the intestines, causing permanent scarring which results in poor absorption of nutrients.

Baycox (generic name- toltrazuril )- 1 cc per 5.5 pounds given orally for 1 day

Albon (generic name Sulfadimethoxine 12.5% or Dimethox 12.5%- 3 to 5 cc's of the undiluted liquid orally per kid daily for 5 consecutive days. For adults, dose at 8 to 10 cc's in the same manner.

CoRid.- dosages- orally- once a day for 5 consecutive days ( has been known to cause a thiamine deficiency, B complex or thiamine should be given during treatment to prevent that problem)
1cc/4#
6cc/25#
12cc/50#
18cc/75
24cc/100#

Sulmet oral-1st Day: 6 tablespoons (3 fl oz) for each 100 lb body weight.
2nd, 3rd, and 4th Days: 3 tablespoons (1 1/2 fl oz) for each 100 lb body weight

Medications for prevention:
 
added to daily feed-
Lasalocid-20 to 30 g per ton-approved for use in sheep in US
Decoquinate-0.5 mg/kg per head per day-approved goats
Monensin 10-30 gram/ton of feed-approved goats, may be most effective choice for goats.

Given orally-

Baycox / toltrazuril - 1 cc per 5.5 pounds given orally for 1 day, starting kids on day 14. Repeat every `15 days until they are 3-6 months of age or are eating the correct amount of medicated feed.
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External parasites- Best to treat all animals in the herd

Lice-

Ivomec Injectable 1cc per 35 lbs given orally
Sevin Dust- sprinkled on animal, bedding and around stall/barn. Make sure to keep it away from their eyes (and yours!)
Diatomaceous earth- sprinkled on animals, in bedding and around stalls/barn. Make sure to wear a mask and protect your and your animals eyes. This is a non-chemical method. Some people find it works, others do not.
Equine Lice dust – dust the goat, bedding, stalls and barn
Pour or Spray on insecticides (Prozap, Python, Permethrin products and such) – Spray or wipe on goat

Mites- Pay special attention to their lower legs and around their eyes

Ivomec Injectable 1cc per 35 lbs given orally
Sevin Dust- sprinkled on animal, bedding and around stall/barn. Make sure to keep it away from their eyes (and yours!)
diatomaceous earth- sprinkled on animals, in bedding and around stalls/barn. Make sure to wear a mask and protect your and your animals eyes. This is a non-chemical method. Some people find it works, others do not.
Equine Lice dust – dust the goat, bedding, stalls and barn
Pour or Spray on insecticides (Prozap, Python, Permethrin products and such) – Spray or wipe on goat

Ear mites-

Any heavy oil- Olive, corn, mineral-  dropped in each ear (massage ear to get oil down into the canal) for 5 days, repeat in 10 days.
Ivermectin injectable or pour on- Mix with oil and drop into ears, massaging deep into canal, repeat in 5 days and then again 5 days later. DMSO can be added to help get the medication through the waxy build up and to the mites.
Permethrin products-dropped into ears for 5 days then repeat in 10 days
Neem oil- dropped into ears 5 days in a row then again in 10 days

The information below has been gathered from various websites, and the accounts of Goatbeat former and current Members, Veterinarian websites, and other trusted referencing

 ABBREVIATIONS:
1g=1000mg
1cc=1ml=10 tenths
1kg=2.2lbs
1l=1000ml
5cc=1tsp
1T=15cc
30cc=1oz
g, gm =gram
Cubic centimeter=cc
Kilogram=kg
Liter=l
Milliliter=ml
Teaspoon=tsp, t
Tablespoon=T. tbs
Ounce=oz
Drops=gtts
Pound=lb
Milligram=mg
Grain=gr
Micrograms=mcg
Units=u
Oral drench= orally
Orally=PO, po
Intramuscularly=IM, im
(in the muscle)
Intravenously=IV, iv
(in the vein)
Subcutaneous=sq, SQ
(under the skin)
Every=q
Day=d
Everyday=qd
Every other day=qod
4 times a day= qid
Three times a day-tid
Two times a day=bid
Needs prescription=RX
Over the counter= OTC
Hour=hr
Treatment=tx
Floppy kid syndrome=FKS
Capsule=cap
Tablet=tab
Cup=c, C
Water= h2o
Lactated ringers=LR
Normal saline=NS
Aspirin=ASA
Milk of magnesium=MOM
Mineral oil=MO
Apple cider vinegar=ACV

*******************************************************************************************
BLEEDING
You can use the following to help stop or decrease bleeding:
Stop bleed powder, Cornmeal, Corn starch, Flour, Cob webs, tea bags

COCCIDIA
1. SMZ tablets--1 tablet per 20 lbs
2. Albon--25mg/lb first day then ? day 1 dose on days 2-5
3.Sulmet 12.5%- 1cc/5lbs for day 1
1cc/10lbs on days 2-5 day
4.Amprolium- Mix 3oz/1pint of water----then give
1oz/100lbs qd times 5 days
Then 0.5oz/100lbs qd times 21 days
(11.2-23/lb times 5 days,. Then 2-3 mg/lb times 21 days
5.Sulfaquinoxaline 20%--drench--2ml/50lbs by mouth times 5 day
6.Cloves-
7.Dimethox-- 25mg/lb first day then ? day 1 dose on days 2-5.


COLDS
1.Benadryl-- antihistamine used for coughs and colds.
Over the counter
Dose-- 5cc for kids and 10-20cc for adults.
2.Chloatrimeton-- for colds and coughs.
3.Robitussin(plain)--for coughs and colds.
Dose 3-5cc for newborns - 2wks in age
4-6 tsps for adults.
4.Tavist -D--for colds and coughs
5.Dimetapp--for colds and coughs.


********************************************************************************************
ColosColostrum Formulas/Bloat Treatment/Electrolyte COLOSTRUM FORMULAS
1. 1 pint (568mls) goats milk
4oz lime water
11/2tsp corn syrup

2. 3pints goats milk
1pint water
1pkg of sure gel pectin
1 can evaporated goat milk and 1 can water
Or
1 qt pasteurized goats milk
Combine with ? cup cream. Feed at rate of 1 oz per ? pound body weight per day divided into 3-4 feedings.


BLOAT
1C warm water
1/2cup oil
1tsp Epsom salt
1tsp baking soda
1/4 tsp ginger
1 egg yolk
Mix together and give


FROTHY BLOAT
1/3cup water
1/3 cup cooking oil
? cup antacid
Add some baking soda
Mix and give

ELECTROLYTE FORMULAS
1. 1pkg pectin
1tsp low sodium salt
2tsp baking soda
1can beef consume
Mix all together and drench
***********************************************
2. Makes 1 gallon.
1C corn syrup
3tsp baking soda
2 tsp regular salt
2 tsp lite salt
2 tsp Epsom salt
1 gallon of water
************************************************
3. 2T kayro
1/2tsp salt
1/4tsp baking soda
1 quart water

***********************************************
Homemade Pedialyte----  4 cups of boiled water     --  save some money
                                               1 cup of apple juice
                                               2 tablespoonfuls of sugar
                                               ¼ teaspoonful of salt
************************************************
FLUID REPLACEMENTS
1.LR (lactated ringers)-- 30cc under skin at shoulder for rehydration, can be used several times a day
Needs an RX can be given SQ or IV
2.NS (normal saline)-isotonic--used for fluid replacement. Inject 30cc under skin at shoulders for rehydration , can be used several times a day can be given IV or sq -- Needs an RX
3.Gatoraide or pedialyte--oral fluid replacement. Also used for energy when weak


Fly Repellants! FLY REPELLENTS

2cups white vinegar
1 cup Avon skin so soft (bath oil)
1 cup water
1 tablespoon eucalyptus oil
**********************************
An easy do it yourself fly spray that is relatively inexpensive. Does attract dust so don?t use before a show
2cups mineral oil
? cup lemon juice
2tsp citronella oil
10ml eucalyptus oil
10ml lemon dish detergent
Optional 125ml glycerin
Mix in spray bottle and spray
************************************
Horse Insect repellent mix
1oz citronella oil
2oz skin so soft or coat so soft
1 cup cider vinegar
1cup water
Mix in a 20oz spray bottle
*************************************
Vinegar in drinking water will raise blood acid levels just enough to bother flies and mosquitoes. Takes about a week to start helping.
**************************************
Easy fly spray
You can mix 7 parts water and one part citronella as a fly spray.
For the worst time of fly season use 4 parts water to one part citronella.
*************************************
15oz water
5oz commercial fly spray
2oz vinegar
2oz vegetable oil
2 oz green dawn dish soap
Mix and use. Will not harm coat
*************************************
Fly relief
3cups of water
1/4 cup sugar
? cup white vinegar
Mix in a quart jar, punch holes in the lid, and set it where it is needed.
********************************
You can fill plastic Ziploc containers with clear water and hang in entrances to deter flies.


Colostrum Formulas/Bloat Treatment/Electrolyte
1. 1 pint (568mls) goats milk
4oz lime water
11/2tsp corn syrup

2. 3pints goats milk
1pint water
1pkg of sure gel pectin
1 can evaporated goat milk and 1 can water
Or
1 qt pasteurized goats milk
Combine with ? cup cream. Feed at rate of 1 oz per ? pound body weight per day divided into 3-4 feedings.


BLOAT
1C warm water
1/2cup oil
1tsp Epsom salt
1tsp baking soda
1/4 tsp ginger
1 egg yolk
Mix together and give


FROTHY BLOAT
1/3cup water
1/3 cup cooking oil
? cup antacid
Add some baking soda
Mix and give

ELECTROLYTE FORMULAS
1/2 gallon hot water
2-6 tablespoon molasses
1-2 tablespoon any kind of salt, ebsom salt or baking soda
1 cup ACV
Mix all together and drench
***********************************************
2. Makes 1 gallon.
1C corn syrup
3tsp baking soda
2 tsp regular salt
2 tsp lite salt
2 tsp Epsom salt
1 gallon of water
************************************************
3. 2T kayro
1/2tsp salt
1/4tsp baking soda
1 quart water

FLUID REPLACEMENTS
1.LR (lactated ringers)-- 30cc under skin at shoulder for rehydration, can be used several times a day
Needs an RX can be given SQ or IV
2.NS (normal saline)-isotonic--used for fluid replacement. Inject 30cc under skin at shoulders for rehydration , can be used several times a day can be given IV or sq -- Needs an RX
3.Gatoraide or pedialyte--oral fluid replacement. Also used for energy when weak


Safeguard Wormer Dosages
HOW TO FIGURE SAFEGUARD DOSEAGE
Safeguard paste- 25gram paste 10% (100mg/1g) 22cc syringe.
1 syringe worms 1100lbat2.3mg/lb 1cc=50lbs
So 4.6mg/lb=550lbs 1cc=25lbs
6.9mg/lb=257lbs=12.5lbs/1cc
So for three times the dose here is some basic conversions
12lbs=1cc
15lbs=1.2cc
20lbs=1.6cc
25lbs=2cc
30lbs=2.4cc
35lbs=2.8cc
40lbs=3.2cc
45lbs=3.6cc
50lbs=4cc
60lbs=4.8cc
70lbs=5.6cc
75lbs=6cc
80lbs=6.4cc
90lbs=7.2cc
100lbs=8cc
125lbs=10cc
150lbs=12cc
175lbs=14cc
200lbs=16cc
250lbs=20cc
__________________

Miscellaneous
1. Bose-- given for selenium deficiency
Give k 1cc/40lbs twice a year sq or IM
2.Ese- given for selenium deficiency
Give 1cc/100lbs
3.Muse--given for selenium deficiency
Give 1cc/200lbs
*****Please note the dosage per weight on numbers 1. 2, and 3. An overdose will KILL
4.Covexin 8-- 4ml sq first dose
2ml sq second dose 6 weeks later
2ml sq third dose 6 months later
5.Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV)--place in water to help acidify the urine and also will help decrease algae in the container
6.Powdered charcoal---4-6oz of charcoal for poisonings. Binds with poison to remove from the system. Follow with a laxative. Mix with water or liquid laxative
7.Fish aquarium charcoal-- 4-6 oz for poisonings. Binds with poison to remove form system. Follow with a laxative, mix with water or a liquid laxative
8.Charcoal bricks--*****make sure has no flame start product in it----Crush enough to have 4-6 oz for poisonings. Follow with a laxative , mix with water or a liquid laxative.
9.Betadine solution---for wounds
10.Iodine (mild) for minor wounds
11.Iodine 7 %- to dip navel cords in . Helps to dry it up. Some folks dip the newborns hooves in it, and also after hoof trimming.
12. Listerine--dilute in water for mouth wounds.
13. Neosporin (or generic)---antibiotic ointment . Used for scraps and small wounds. Apply as you would a human.



PAIN AND INFLAMMATION
1. Banamine (flumeglumine)- used for fever, smooth muscle relaxant, pain, to stimulate gut.
****Always take temperature prior to giving. If low do NOT give
Needs an RX
Dose--1cc/100lbs (0.1cc/10lbs
1/2cc/25-30lbs
2.Dexamethasone (decadron)- used for joint injury, inflammatory injuries, head injuries and shock.
Needs an RX
Dose- inflammatory injuries and joint injuries- ?-1cc/20lbs
Head injuries (after disbudding)- 1-2mg/20lbs
Shock- 1-2mg/20lbs
3.Aspirin (ASA)- used for fever and inflammation.
Dose --0.5gr/lb bid
45mg/lb bid
65mg=1gr---adult ASA = 5gr=325mg
4.Benadryl (Diphenhydramine)--Antihistamine, for minor allergic reactions such as bites, coughs, and nasal decongestant.
Over the counter
Dose---1tsp for young kids
15-20cc for adults.
5.Bute---Antiinflammatory used for pain especially in joints and muscles.
Needs an RX
Dose---4.5-10mg/lb qd


REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINES
1.Oxytocin (20u/ml)-- to tighten uterus and decrease post delivery bleeding when excessive. Can be used to stimulate milk let down if used in very small amounts. causes contractions and helps stimulate passing of afterbirth.
Needs an RX
Dose---1.5cc/100lbs
10-20u IM

2.Lutalyse--can be used to bring into standing heat, induce labor, and abort
Needs an RX
Dose--?-1,l to bring into standing heat
5-10mg ((1-2cc) to abort
?-2ml to induce labor


STOMACH AND GUT MEDICINES
1. Banamine-(flumeglumine) used for fever, smooth muscle relaxant, pain reliever and to stimulate the gut.
****Always take temp prior to giving, if temp is low do NOT give.
Needs an RX for
Dose-1cc/100lbs (0.1cc/10lbs)
? cc/25-30lbs

2.Pepto Bismol- for scours
Dose-2cc every 4-6 hours for newborns
5cc for older goats
Give with probios

3. Spectrum scour halt- follow directions on label. Follow with probios
Dose for scours-1cc/10lbs

4.Oral ruminant gel(probios, fast track)- Give after antibiotic therapy, treatment for diarrhea and gut related problems-----helps replace the normal flora of the gut.
Follow the instructions on the package.

5. MOM (milk of magnesium)-for constipation, impactions, toxic reactions including poisoning and FKS (floppy kid syndrome).
Dose - oral drench 15cc/60lbs

6.Mineral oil- give for constipation, impactions, toxic reactions including poisoning and FKS.
Dose - oral drench 1oz/30lbs
****Caution has no taste---can flavor to decrease the chance of getting into the lungs.
Can also be used for ear mites by placing 2-4 drops in ear canal.

7. Cooking oil-can be used in place of mineral oil.
8. Gas X, phazyme (or generic brands)- used for bloat
Dose --1-2 caps (puncture cap with a needle and squirt medicine out ) give every 2-4 hours.

9.Tagamet- Used for gut related pain and problems. Helps sooth.
Dose- ? tablet of 200mg tablet. Give 1 a day for 3-5 days.

10. Plain yogurt- to help replace the normal flora in the rumen after rumen problems like bloat and after giving antibiotics.
Dose--give about ? cup 2-3 times a day for 3-5 days.
11. Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)- for regular rumen care. Leave out free choice. For emergency treatment for bloat.
Give 1 T in 30cc water and drench.

12.Ginger- To sooth stomach and intestines.
13.Slippery elm--stops diarrhea and coats the stomach and intestines.
14. Beer (dark malt is better)- for bloat give one can.


TREATMENTS FOR EXTERNAL PARASITE AND EAR MITES
1.Kitten flea and tick powder--for lice treatment in kids.
Sprinkle from head to tail and rub in.
Dose now and then in 10days.

2.Safe insecticides for does---should be labeled ?approved for use in lactating dairy cattle?
3.Corral and Sevin dust-- can be used on non lactating does..Do not use on kids.
For adults sprinkle on and rub in. Apply second dose 10days later.
4.Mineral oil- for ear mites--also soothes the discomfort.
Place 3-4 drops in the ear canal.
5.Ivomec orally-- will kill sucking lice
6.Listerine--- ear mites and to clean the ear. Helps sooth and burns less than using alcohol.


WORMERS
1.Levamisole (Trimisol, ripercol)- Do NOT give to pregnant does
Give 2 tablets/100lbs (3.5mg/lb) or 1oz/100lbs--5mg/lb
2.Fenbendazole(pancur, safeguard) --administer 7mg/ib--3times horse dose per weight for cestodes
2.5mg/lb for nematodes
Give 6times horse dose for lung worms
3.Mebendazole (telmin)- 10mg/lb
Approximately 2 times the horse dose for weight
4.Pyrantel (strongid)-- 12mg/lb
5.Ivermectin (ivomec)- get injection form but give orally
1cc/50lbs
(0.1mg/lb)
6.Albendazole (valbazen)--1cc/10lbs orally
7.cydectin--give 1cc/22-25lbs orally
8.Thiabendazote (TBZ)--1oz/100lbs ((3g/100lbs)
Can be used during pregnancy
9.Rumatel--wormer pellets--feed daily at the rate of 0.44g/100lbs--or 25lb sack per 1 ton of feed.


VITAMINS AND MINERALS
1.Thiamine--treats listeria and polio
Needs an RX
Dose--500mg IM first dose, first day
250mg second dose , first day
For listeria--4.5cc/lb TID

2.Vitamin B12--for anemia , stress, appetite stimulant
Needs an RX
Dose--1cc/100lbs qod time 3 doses
(1000-2000mcq sq for adults)

3.Redcell- is a vitamin /iron supplement.
***there is 2 kinds, one made from animal byproducts and one from vegetables
Can buy over the counter
Dose 3ccqd time 1 weeks orally

4.Vitamin B complex--for debilitated animal, those with enteritis, those which will not eat. It helps to soothe the intestinal linings, and stimulates the appetite.
Can buy over the counter
Dose --5-6ccsq for adults

5.Vitamin E-- 300iu/kid IM
700iu/doe IM
50mg/kid/day orally

6.Vitamin C--to help acidify the urine
Dose 250mg qd


7.Calcium gluconate 10%(100mg/ml)--use for milk fever, pregnancy toxemia, ketosis.
Must be given IV only?.caustic to tissue if given IM or sq.
Give 5-15mg IV over 10mins.

8.Nutri drench--Used for stressed, weak animals
follow instructions on package

9.Geritol---for anemia.
Dose--1T every day for 2-3 days



RHODONDENDRON POISIONING FORMULAS
? cup cooking oil
? strong cold tea (6-8 tea bags)
1tsp ground ginger
1tsp baking soda
Mix it all together and drench
15ml renec
15ml Mylanta
5ml brandy
Mix and give this is an adult dose.


Urinary Calculi Formula
3 lemons and squeeze the juice out....and save, dice 1/2 purple
onion, 6 pieces of garlic clove diced up, 1/2 cup of distilled
water. Mix all of this together and simmer for 20 minutes. Place
into a blender when cooled and blend real good. Give one cup of this
every 12 hours for 3 days.

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   Vital Statistics--Normal Goat
Onset of Heat: 7 - 12 months (earlier in minis)
Length of Heat: 12 - 48 hours
Heat Cycle 17 - 23 days (avg: 21 days)
Length of Gestation 145-155 days (avg. 150)

Temperature: 102-103 (+ or -  .5 or 1)
Heart Rate: 70 - 80 beats / minute (faster for kids)
Respiration Rate: 12 - 15 / minute (faster for kids)
Rumen Movement: 1 - 1.5 / minute

Remember these are the average for a normal goat---this doesn not mean that your goat has to conform exactly. They are individuals and will vary.

*************************************************************************************************************************************************

Antibiotics..

LA200 given SQ  rub briskly after injecting, this one stings.  May leave a knot. Once every 48 to 72 hours if no improvement.
4.5cc's per 100 pounds
2.25cc's per 50 pounds
1.1cc per 25 pounds
.5cc's per 12.5 pounds
.225cc's per 6.25pounds.

Biomycin given SQ rub briskly after injecting once every 48 to 72 hours if no improvement.
4.5cc's per 100 pounds
2.25cc's per 50 pounds
1.1 cc' per 25 pounds
.5cc's per 12.5 pounds
.225 cc's per 6.25 pounds

Penicillin G Procaine IM or SQ Series shot, given at least 5 days consecutively without missing a dose..if you miss a dose you have to start over.
Goat Dosage:
3 to 5cc per 100 pounds
1.5cc to 2.5 cc per 50 pounds
.75cc's to 1.25cc's per 25 pounds
.3cc's to .625cc's per 12.5 pounds

Cattle dosage:
1cc per 100 pounds of body weight
.5cc per 50 pounds of body weight
.225 per 25 pounds of body weight

Update on deworming protocols.

Due to worm resistance to ALL worming medications, research is showing that mixing different chemical families together will reduce resistance. An article on the small ruminant parasite group shows the article/research.

https://www.wormx.info/combinations

A little bit of info I thought you may want to keep for future reference.

BICARBONATE ~ BAKING SODA ` GOAT FACT
Ruminants produce its own sodium bicarbonate in the saliva without being fed baking soda.
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a biochemical that buffers the rumen. Let’s discuss what the function of baking soda is and what it does and doesn’t do.
BATTLING BLOAT
Baking soda is only a valid treatment for bloat caused by acidosis (also known as grain bloat). Always consult with your veterinarian when dealing with bloat.
BAKING SODA ISN’T A MAGICAL CURE-ALL FOR GOATS.
by Jackie Nix
Anyone with a hobby goat will invariably be told to feed it baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) at some point. It’s promoted as a cure for everything from bloat to urinary stones. Most of the time, this advice is misplaced. Let’s discuss what the function of baking soda is and what it does and doesn’t do.
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a biochemical that buffers the rumen. What this simply means is that it keeps the rumen pH stable. This is important because the microbes that digest hay thrive in a pH of 6.0-6.8 while grain-digesting microbes thrive at a pH of 5.5-6.0 so we need to keep rumen pH within a narrow window for rumen health. Also, pH directly affects the ability to absorb certain nutrients.
So, yes, sodium bicarbonate is very beneficial. But what most people don’t realize is that the ruminant animal produces its own sodium bicarbonate in the saliva without being fed baking soda. During the act of cud chewing, copious amounts of bicarbonate are transferred into the rumen. Goats fed long-stem forages (grazing pastures or receiving hay) will produce more saliva (and thus bicarbonate) than goats fed grains or finely ground hay that don’t require cud chewing.
Since goats rarely have an issue with rumen pH being too high, we will focus on the issues occuring when it drops too low. This condition is called acidosis. When rumen pH drops, a vicious cycle begins. As the pH drops, the grain-digesting microbes thrive while the fiber-digesting microbes do poorly. One of the by-products of grain digestion is lactic acid. So the more grain these microbes digest, the more acid is produced and the lower pH goes. Eventually, the pH drops so low the microbes die and the rumen stops contracting. Rumen contractions normally move gas produced as a by-product of microbial fermentation toward the esophagus so it can be belched out. When contractions stop, gases get stuck and can fill up the rumen quickly causing grain bloat. To treat grain bloat, one has to treat the acidosis. Under this condition, releasing the gas through tubing or a trocar in addition to giving a drench of sodium bicarbonate is the correct course of action. Be sure you are actually dealing with bloat and not just a full rumen before initiating bloat treatment. I’d recommend enlisting the help of a veterinarian if you are inexperienced in doing this yourself.
Conditions where supplementation with baking soda may be appropriate (i.e. conditions ideal for acidosis development):
- Feeding of high levels of grain (should only be doing this for dairy does in heavy lactation or for goats being fattened for slaughter).
- Shifting from long-stem forages to a chopped forage (such as silage or Chaffhaye).
- Feeding of finely ground feed (such as hog feed). Pelleted or texturized feeds are best for goats.
- Drenching in cases of known acidosis.
In severe scours where the animal is off-feed, it will provide some electrolytes and help prevent a secondary case of acidosis.
Situations where feeding of baking soda provides no benefit:
- Goats on all-forage diets or those receiving very little supplemental grain.
- Goats experiencing frothy bloat caused by the grazing of lush legumes like clover or alfalfa or small grains like wheat or rye. Baking soda will provide no relief at all for this type of bloat.
- Urinary stone prevention – first, baking soda doesn’t affect urinary pH. Second, the urine needs to actually become more acidic in order to decrease the formation of stones and baking soda neutralizes acidity.
******Ok, so giving free-choice baking soda isn’t always necessary. But can it cause any harm? The answer is … yes. Sodium bicarbonate is a source of sodium. Normally, animals receive their sodium via salt (NaCl) which provides equal amounts of both sodium and chloride. The correct ratio of sodium to chloride in the diet is 1:1. When your goat eats baking soda, it is more likely it is doing so to get sodium than it is for some need for extra buffering. Given that sodium is the critical limiting element in salt consumption, when animals consume a lot of baking soda, they are getting their sodium needs met so they won’t need to eat as much salt that can throw off chloride levels. Also, when the salt source is a free-choice, balanced mineral supplement, you are also limiting the intake of these other critical minerals like copper and selenium.
The best way for the hobby farmer to keep goats healthy is to feed a forage-based diet. Give them access to all the good-quality hay or pasture they want. Grass or grass-mixed forages are more than adequate for pets or those in light production. Alfalfa is not necessary. Also, give goats continuous access to a high-quality mineral supplement containing balanced levels of macro- and micro-minerals as well as vitamins. No free-choice baking soda is needed in this scenario.
For those who choose to give free access to baking soda no matter what, it is very important you monitor the intake of salt-containing mineral supplements to make sure they are receiving adequate amounts. Consult the mineral label to find desired intakes. With SWEETLIX Meat Maker minerals, an adult goat (not a mini breed) should consume roughly 1 pound of mineral per month. Thus one 25-pound bag should last about three months for eight adult goats.
In summary, baking soda provides buffering action in the rumen and is a desired treatment for goats at high risk for acidosis. Baking soda can interfere with salt intake. The average pet goat owner can avoid problems by feeding a grass forage-based diet with free-choice access to clean water and a high-quality mineral supplement such as SWEETLIX 16:8 Meat Maker.
Jackie Nix is an animal nutritionist with Ridley Block Operations ([www.sweetlix.com](http://www.sweetlix.com/...)). You can contact her at jackie.nix@ridleyinc.com or 1-800-325-1486 for questions or to learn more about SWEETLIX mineral and protein supplements for cattle, goats, horses, sheep and wildlife. References available upon request.